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01/02/2005
Students of lesbian history constantly have to remind ourselves that lesbian culture is more likely to be ignored than absent. Chinese literature was controlled by men, and lesbianism was never part of a sustained literary tradition in Imperial China — nevertheless references to lesbian relations do exist from as early as the second century. ..... ‘Golden Orchid Associations’ in southern China survived into the twentieth century, involving formal marriage ceremonies with an exchange of gifts between ‘husband’ and ‘wife’, female companions acting as witnesses, and the marriage feast. Women who married one another could even adopt female children who could inherit property from the couple’s parents’ area. In other words, although lesbian relations were institutionalized and part of a culture, they were seldom deemed important enough to be recorded.

~Rictor Norton, "The Nature of Lesbian History", Gay History & Literature, August 2003

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